An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.

An issue was discovered in Pip (all versions) because it installs the version with the highest version number, even if the user had intended to obtain a private package from a private index. This only affects use of the --extra-index-url option, and exploitation requires that the package does not already exist in the public index (and thus the attacker can put the package there with an arbitrary version number). A warning was added about this behavior in version 21.1.
NOTE: it has been reported that this is intended functionality and the user is responsible for using --extra-index-url securely.

Pip 21.1 updates its dependency 'urllib3' to v1.26.4 due to security issues.

Versions of Pip prior to 19.2 are vulnerable to a directory traversal attack during the installation process from a URL. This vulnerability stems from improperly handling filenames in the Content-Disposition header that include path traversal sequences, potentially allowing unauthorized overwrite of critical files such as /root/.ssh/authorized_keys. The flaw is specifically found in the _download_http_url function within _internal/download.py.

Affected versions of Pip are vulnerable to Command Injection. When installing a package from a Mercurial VCS URL (ie "pip install hg+...") with pip prior to v23.3, the specified Mercurial revision could be used to inject arbitrary configuration options to the "hg clone" call (ie "--config"). Controlling the Mercurial configuration can modify how and which repository is installed. This vulnerability does not affect users who aren't installing from Mercurial.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Path Traversal due to an incorrect directory containment check when extracting wheel archives. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the is_within_directory() helper used os.path.commonprefix() (character-by-character) to compare directory and target paths, allowing crafted paths like a parent-directory substring match to be treated as safely inside the installation directory.

A flaw was found in python-pip in the way it handled Unicode separators in git references. A remote attacker could possibly use this issue to install a different revision on a repository. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data integrity.

Affected versions of the pip package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Overwrite due to improper validation of symbolic link targets in the fallback tar extraction code. In src/pip/_internal/utils/unpacking.py, the _untar_without_filter routine used when the Python tarfile module lacks PEP 706 (no tarfile.data_filter) extracted symlink members with tar._extract_member without verifying that link destinations resolve under the extraction root, a check later added via the is_symlink_target_in_tar helper.

Pip solves a security vulnerability that previously allowed maliciously crafted wheel files to execute unauthorized code during installation.

Pyyaml 5.3.1 includes a fix for CVE-2020-1747: A vulnerability was discovered in the PyYAML library in versions before 5.3.1, where it is susceptible to arbitrary code execution when it processes untrusted YAML files through the full_load method or with the FullLoader loader. Applications that use the library to process untrusted input may be vulnerable to this flaw. An attacker could use this flaw to execute arbitrary code on the system by abusing the python/object/new constructor.

PyYAML 5.1 through 5.1.2 has insufficient restrictions on the load and load_all functions because of a class deserialization issue, e.g., Popen is a class in the subprocess module. See CVE-2019-20477. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2017-18342.

Affected versions of the Flask package are vulnerable to Information Disclosure due to missing cache-variation headers when the session object is accessed via certain code paths. In Flask’s session handling, accessing flask.session is intended to set a Vary: Cookie response header, but session key-only access patterns (such as using the Python in operator to test for a key without reading or mutating session values) can bypass the logic that adds the header.

Flask 2.2.5 and 2.3.2 include a fix for CVE-2023-30861: When all of the following conditions are met, a response containing data intended for one client may be cached and subsequently sent by the proxy to other clients. If the proxy also caches 'Set-Cookie' headers, it may send one client's 'session' cookie to other clients. The severity depends on the application's use of the session and the proxy's behavior regarding cookies. The risk depends on all these conditions being met:
1. The application must be hosted behind a caching proxy that does not strip cookies or ignore responses with cookies.
2. The application sets 'session.permanent = True'
3. The application does not access or modify the session at any point during a request.
4. 'SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST' enabled (the default).
5. The application does not set a 'Cache-Control' header to indicate that a page is private or should not be cached.
This happens because vulnerable versions of Flask only set the 'Vary: Cookie' header when the session is accessed or modified, not when it is refreshed (re-sent to update the expiration) without being accessed or modified.
https://github.com/pallets/flask/security/advisories/GHSA-m2qf-hxjv-5gpq

Affected versions of gevent are potentially vulnerable to a Race Condition leading to Unauthorized Access — CWE-362.

Affected versions of gevent were potentially vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling. The issue existed in the pywsgi Input._send_100_continue handling.

An issue in Gevent before version 23.9.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted script to the WSGIServer component.

Wheel 0.38.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-40898: An issue discovered in Python Packaging Authority (PyPA) Wheel 0.37.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via attacker controlled input to wheel cli.
https://pyup.io/posts/pyup-discovers-redos-vulnerabilities-in-top-python-packages

Affected versions of the gunicorn package are vulnerable to HTTP Request/Response Smuggling due to improper validation of the Transfer-Encoding header that enables a TE.CL desynchronisation condition. Gunicorn’s HTTP parser does not consistently enforce RFC semantics when parsing conflicting or unsupported request framing—such as messages containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length—so the backend may fall back to Content-Length while an intermediary treats the message as chunked.

Gunicorn 20.0.1 fixes chunked encoding support to prevent http request smuggling attacks.
https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn/issues/2176
https://github.com/p4k03n4t0r/http-request-smuggling#request-smuggling-using-mitmproxy-and-gunicorn

Gunicorn fails to properly validate Transfer-Encoding headers, leading to HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) vulnerabilities. By crafting requests with conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, attackers can bypass security restrictions and access restricted endpoints. This issue is due to Gunicorn's handling of Transfer-Encoding headers, where it incorrectly processes requests with multiple, conflicting Transfer-Encoding headers, treating them as chunked regardless of the final encoding specified. This vulnerability allows for a range of attacks including cache poisoning, session manipulation, and data exposure.

Affected versions of Requests, when making requests through a Requests `Session`, if the first request is made with `verify=False` to disable cert verification, all subsequent requests to the same host will continue to ignore cert verification regardless of changes to the value of `verify`. This behavior will continue for the lifecycle of the connection in the connection pool. Requests 2.32.0 fixes the issue, but versions 2.32.0 and 2.32.1 were yanked due to conflicts with CVE-2024-35195 mitigation.

Affected versions of the requests package are vulnerable to Insecure Temporary File reuse due to predictable temporary filename generation in extract_zipped_paths(). The requests.utils.extract_zipped_paths() utility extracts files from zip archives into the system temporary directory using a deterministic path, and if that file already exists, the function reuses it without validating that it is the expected extracted content.

Affected versions of Requests are vulnerable to proxy credential leakage. When redirected to an HTTPS endpoint, the Proxy-Authorization header is forwarded to the destination server due to the use of rebuild_proxies to reattach the header. This may allow a malicious actor to exfiltrate sensitive information.

Requests is an HTTP library. Due to a URL parsing issue, Requests releases prior to 2.32.4 may leak .netrc credentials to third parties for specific maliciously-crafted URLs. Users should upgrade to version 2.32.4 to receive a fix. For older versions of Requests, use of the .netrc file can be disabled with `trust_env=False` on one's Requests Session.

Pytest-runner depends on deprecated features of setuptools and relies on features that break security mechanisms in pip. For example ‘setup_requires’ and ‘tests_require’ bypass pip --require-hashes. See also pypa/setuptools#1684.
It is recommended that you:
- Remove 'pytest-runner' from your setup_requires, preferably removing the setup_requires option.
- Remove 'pytest' and any other testing requirements from tests_require, preferably removing the tests_requires option.
- Select a tool to bootstrap and then run tests such as tox.
https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest-runner/blob/289a77b179535d8137118e3b8591d9e727130d6d/README.rst

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Certificate Validation due to incomplete enforcement of DNS name constraints on peer names. The certificate validation logic applied DNS name constraints only to Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries in child certificates, but did not apply the same checks to the peer name presented during validation, which allowed a mismatch between wildcard certificate matching and excluded subtree constraints.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.4 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.3, that includes a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/fc11bce6930e591ce26a2317b31b9ce2b3e25512

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 41.0.0 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.1.1 to include a security fix.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/8708245ccdeaff21d65eea68a4f8d2a7c5949a22

Cryptography 41.0.3  updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for CVE-2023-2975: AES-SIV implementation ignores empty associated data entries.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230714.txt

Affected versions of the cryptography package are vulnerable to Improper Input Validation due to missing prime-order subgroup validation for SECT elliptic-curve points. The public_key_from_numbers, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers.public_key(), load_der_public_key(), and load_pem_public_key() entry points accept attacker-supplied public keys without verifying that the provided point lies in the expected prime-order subgroup, enabling small-subgroup points to pass as valid.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2022-3996, a DoS vulnerability affecting openssl.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/7940

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/b22271cf3c3dd8dc8978f8f4b00b5c7060b6538d
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230731.txt

The `cryptography` library has updated its BoringSSL and OpenSSL dependencies in CI due to a security concern. Specifically, the issue involves the functions `EVP_PKEY_param_check()` and `EVP_PKEY_public_check()`, which are used to check DSA public keys or parameters. These functions can experience significant delays when processing excessively long DSA keys or parameters, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) if the input is from an untrusted source. The vulnerability arises because the key and parameter check functions do not limit the modulus size during checks, despite OpenSSL not allowing public keys with a modulus over 10,000 bits for signature verification. This issue affects applications that directly call these functions and the OpenSSL `pkey` and `pkeyparam` command-line applications with the `-check` option. The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not impacted, but the OpenSSL 3.0 and 3.1 FIPS providers are affected by this vulnerability.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography package before 41.0.2 for Python mishandles SSH certificates that have critical options.

Cryptography 39.0.1 includes a fix for CVE-2023-23931: In affected versions 'Cipher.update_into' would accept Python objects which implement the buffer protocol, but provide only immutable buffers. This would allow immutable objects (such as 'bytes') to be mutated, thus violating fundamental rules of Python and resulting in corrupted output. This issue has been present since 'update_into' was originally introduced in cryptography 1.8.

Cryptography 3.3 no longer allows loading of finite field Diffie-Hellman parameters of less than 512 bits in length. This change is to conform with an upcoming OpenSSL release that no longer supports smaller sizes. These keys were already wildly insecure and should not have been used in any application outside of testing.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/pull/5592

Cryptography 3.2 and prior are vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext.

Cryptography starting from version 42.0.0 updates its CI configurations to use newer versions of BoringSSL or OpenSSL as a countermeasure to CVE-2023-5678. This vulnerability, affecting the package, could cause Denial of Service through specific DH key generation and verification functions when given overly long parameters.

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

The cryptography library has updated its OpenSSL dependency in CI due to security concerns. This vulnerability arises when processing maliciously formatted PKCS12 files, which can cause OpenSSL to crash, leading to a potential Denial of Service (DoS) attack. PKCS12 files, often containing certificates and keys, may come from untrusted sources. The PKCS12 specification allows certain fields to be NULL, but OpenSSL does not correctly handle these cases, resulting in a NULL pointer dereference and subsequent crash. Applications using OpenSSL APIs, such as PKCS12_parse(), PKCS12_unpack_p7data(), PKCS12_unpack_p7encdata(), PKCS12_unpack_authsafes(), and PKCS12_newpass(), are vulnerable if they process PKCS12 files from untrusted sources. Although a similar issue in SMIME_write_PKCS7() was fixed, it is not considered significant for security as it pertains to data writing. This issue does not affect the FIPS modules in versions 3.2, 3.1, and 3.0.

Affected versions of Cryptography may allow a remote attacker to decrypt captured messages in TLS servers that use RSA key exchanges, which may lead to exposure of confidential or sensitive data.

Cryptography 41.0.3 updates its bundled OpenSSL version to include a fix for a Denial of Service vulnerability.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/bfa4d95f0f356f2d535efd5c775e0fb3efe90ef2
https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20230719.txt

Cryptography 39.0.1 updates its dependency 'OpenSSL' to v3.0.8 to include security fixes.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/8229

Cryptography 3.3.2 includes a fix for CVE-2020-36242: certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.

Cryptography version 42.0.5 introduces a limit on the number of name constraint checks during X.509 path validation to prevent denial of service attacks.
https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/commit/4be53bf20cc90cbac01f5f94c5d1aecc5289ba1f

Cryptography 41.0.5 updates Windows, macOS, and Linux wheels to be compiled with OpenSSL 3.1.4, that includes a security fix.