Fastapi

* Add support for `dependencies` parameter:
* A parameter in *path operation decorators*, for dependencies that should be executed but the return value is not important or not used in the *path operation function*.
* A parameter in the `.include_router()` method of FastAPI applications and routers, to include dependencies that should be executed in each *path operation* in a router.
* This is useful, for example, to require authentication or permissions in specific group of *path operations*.
* Different `dependencies` can be applied to different routers.
* These `dependencies` are run before the normal parameter dependencies. And normal dependencies are run too. They can be combined.
* Dependencies declared in a router are executed first, then the ones defined in *path operation decorators*, and then the ones declared in normal parameters. They are all combined and executed.
* All this also supports using `Security` with `scopes` in those `dependencies` parameters, for more advanced OAuth 2.0 security scenarios with scopes.
* New documentation about [dependencies in *path operation decorators*](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/dependencies/dependencies-in-path-operation-decorators/).
* New documentation about [dependencies in the `include_router()` method](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/bigger-applications/#include-an-apirouter-with-a-prefix-tags-responses-and-dependencies).
* PR [235](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/235).

* Fix OpenAPI documentation of Starlette URL convertors. Specially useful when using `path` convertors, to take a whole path as a parameter, like `/some/url/{p:path}`. PR [234](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/234) by [euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Make default parameter utilities exported from `fastapi` be functions instead of classes (the new functions return instances of those classes). To be able to override the return types and fix `mypy` errors in FastAPI's users' code. Applies to `Path`, `Query`, `Header`, `Cookie`, `Body`, `Form`, `File`, `Depends`, and `Security`. PR [226](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/226) and PR [#231](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/231).

* Separate development scripts `test.sh`, `lint.sh`, and `format.sh`. PR [232](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/232).

* Re-enable `black` formatting checks for Python 3.7. PR [229](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/229) by [zamiramir](https://github.com/zamiramir).

* On body parsing errors, raise `from` previous exception, to allow better introspection in logging code. PR [192](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/195) by [ricardomomm](https://github.com/ricardomomm).

* Use Python logger named "`fastapi`" instead of root logger. PR [222](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/222) by [euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Upgrade Pydantic to version 0.25. PR [225](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/225) by [euri10](https://github.com/euri10).

* Fix typo in routing. PR [221](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/221) by [djlambert](https://github.com/djlambert).

* Add typing information to package including file `py.typed`. PR [209](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/209) by [meadsteve](https://github.com/meadsteve).

* Add FastAPI bot for Gitter. To automatically announce new releases. PR [189](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/189).

* Upgrade OAuth2:
* Upgrade Password flow using Bearer tokens to use the correct HTTP status code 401 `UNAUTHORIZED`, with `WWW-Authenticate` headers.
* Update, simplify, and improve all the [security docs](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/intro/).
* Add new `scope_str` to `SecurityScopes` and update docs: [OAuth2 scopes](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/oauth2-scopes/).
* Update docs, images, tests.
* PR [188](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/188).

* Include [Hypercorn](https://gitlab.com/pgjones/hypercorn) as an alternative ASGI server in the docs. PR [#187](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/187).

* Add docs for [Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/) and [Templates](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/templates/). PR [#186](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/186).

* Add docs for handling [Response Cookies](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-cookies/) and [Response Headers](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-headers/). PR [#185](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/185).

* Fix typos in docs. PR [176](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/176) by [chdsbd](https://github.com/chdsbd).

* Rename *path operation decorator* parameter `content_type` to `response_class`. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/183" target="_blank">#183</a>.

* Add docs:
* How to use the `jsonable_encoder` in <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/tutorial/encoder/" target="_blank">JSON compatible encoder</a>.
* How to <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/tutorial/response-directly/" target="_blank">Return a Response directly</a>.
* Update how to use a <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/tutorial/custom-response/" target="_blank">Custom Response Class</a>.
* PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/184" target="_blank">#184</a>.

* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/security/http-basic-auth/" target="_blank">HTTP Basic Auth</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/177" target="_blank">#177</a>.

* Upgrade HTTP Basic Auth handling with automatic headers (automatic browser login prompt). PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/175" target="_blank">#175</a>.

* Update dependencies for security. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/174" target="_blank">#174</a>.

* Add docs for <a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/middleware/" target="_blank">Middleware</a>. PR <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/173" target="_blank">#173</a>.