============================
Breaking Changes
----------------
Old Deprecations Are Now Errors
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `7363 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7363>`_: **PytestRemovedIn8Warning deprecation warnings are now errors by default.**
Following our plan to remove deprecated features with as little disruption as
possible, all warnings of type ``PytestRemovedIn8Warning`` now generate errors
instead of warning messages by default.
**The affected features will be effectively removed in pytest 8.1**, so please consult the
:ref:`deprecations` section in the docs for directions on how to update existing code.
In the pytest ``8.0.X`` series, it is possible to change the errors back into warnings as a
stopgap measure by adding this to your ``pytest.ini`` file:
.. code-block:: ini
[pytest]
filterwarnings =
ignore::pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning
But this will stop working when pytest ``8.1`` is released.
**If you have concerns** about the removal of a specific feature, please add a
comment to :issue:`7363`.
Version Compatibility
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `11151 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11151>`_: Dropped support for Python 3.7, which `reached end-of-life on 2023-06-27 <https://devguide.python.org/versions/>`__.
- ``pluggy>=1.3.0`` is now required.
Collection Changes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
In this version we've made several breaking changes to pytest's collection phase,
particularly around how filesystem directories and Python packages are collected,
fixing deficiencies and allowing for cleanups and improvements to pytest's internals.
A deprecation period for these changes was not possible.
- `7777 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7777>`_: Files and directories are now collected in alphabetical order jointly, unless changed by a plugin.
Previously, files were collected before directories.
See below for an example.
- `8976 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/8976>`_: Running `pytest pkg/__init__.py` now collects the `pkg/__init__.py` file (module) only.
Previously, it collected the entire `pkg` package, including other test files in the directory, but excluding tests in the `__init__.py` file itself
(unless :confval:`python_files` was changed to allow `__init__.py` file).
To collect the entire package, specify just the directory: `pytest pkg`.
- `11137 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11137>`_: :class:`pytest.Package` is no longer a :class:`pytest.Module` or :class:`pytest.File`.
The ``Package`` collector node designates a Python package, that is, a directory with an `__init__.py` file.
Previously ``Package`` was a subtype of ``pytest.Module`` (which represents a single Python module),
the module being the `__init__.py` file.
This has been deemed a design mistake (see :issue:`11137` and :issue:`7777` for details).
The ``path`` property of ``Package`` nodes now points to the package directory instead of the ``__init__.py`` file.
Note that a ``Module`` node for ``__init__.py`` (which is not a ``Package``) may still exist,
if it is picked up during collection (e.g. if you configured :confval:`python_files` to include ``__init__.py`` files).
- `7777 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7777>`_: Added a new :class:`pytest.Directory` base collection node, which all collector nodes for filesystem directories are expected to subclass.
This is analogous to the existing :class:`pytest.File` for file nodes.
Changed :class:`pytest.Package` to be a subclass of :class:`pytest.Directory`.
A ``Package`` represents a filesystem directory which is a Python package,
i.e. contains an ``__init__.py`` file.
:class:`pytest.Package` now only collects files in its own directory; previously it collected recursively.
Sub-directories are collected as their own collector nodes, which then collect themselves, thus creating a collection tree which mirrors the filesystem hierarchy.
Added a new :class:`pytest.Dir` concrete collection node, a subclass of :class:`pytest.Directory`.
This node represents a filesystem directory, which is not a :class:`pytest.Package`,
that is, does not contain an ``__init__.py`` file.
Similarly to ``Package``, it only collects the files in its own directory.
:class:`pytest.Session` now only collects the initial arguments, without recursing into directories.
This work is now done by the :func:`recursive expansion process <pytest.Collector.collect>` of directory collector nodes.
:attr:`session.name <pytest.Session.name>` is now ``""``; previously it was the rootdir directory name.
This matches :attr:`session.nodeid <_pytest.nodes.Node.nodeid>` which has always been `""`.
The collection tree now contains directories/packages up to the :ref:`rootdir <rootdir>`,
for initial arguments that are found within the rootdir.
For files outside the rootdir, only the immediate directory/package is collected --
note however that collecting from outside the rootdir is discouraged.
As an example, given the following filesystem tree::
myroot/
pytest.ini
top/
├── aaa
│ └── test_aaa.py
├── test_a.py
├── test_b
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── test_b.py
├── test_c.py
└── zzz
├── __init__.py
└── test_zzz.py
the collection tree, as shown by `pytest --collect-only top/` but with the otherwise-hidden :class:`~pytest.Session` node added for clarity,
is now the following::
<Session>
<Dir myroot>
<Dir top>
<Dir aaa>
<Module test_aaa.py>
<Function test_it>
<Module test_a.py>
<Function test_it>
<Package test_b>
<Module test_b.py>
<Function test_it>
<Module test_c.py>
<Function test_it>
<Package zzz>
<Module test_zzz.py>
<Function test_it>
Previously, it was::
<Session>
<Module top/test_a.py>
<Function test_it>
<Module top/test_c.py>
<Function test_it>
<Module top/aaa/test_aaa.py>
<Function test_it>
<Package test_b>
<Module test_b.py>
<Function test_it>
<Package zzz>
<Module test_zzz.py>
<Function test_it>
Code/plugins which rely on a specific shape of the collection tree might need to update.
- `11676 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11676>`_: The classes :class:`~_pytest.nodes.Node`, :class:`~pytest.Collector`, :class:`~pytest.Item`, :class:`~pytest.File`, :class:`~_pytest.nodes.FSCollector` are now marked abstract (see :mod:`abc`).
We do not expect this change to affect users and plugin authors, it will only cause errors when the code is already wrong or problematic.
Other breaking changes
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
These are breaking changes where deprecation was not possible.
- `11282 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11282>`_: Sanitized the handling of the ``default`` parameter when defining configuration options.
Previously if ``default`` was not supplied for :meth:`parser.addini <pytest.Parser.addini>` and the configuration option value was not defined in a test session, then calls to :func:`config.getini <pytest.Config.getini>` returned an *empty list* or an *empty string* depending on whether ``type`` was supplied or not respectively, which is clearly incorrect. Also, ``None`` was not honored even if ``default=None`` was used explicitly while defining the option.
Now the behavior of :meth:`parser.addini <pytest.Parser.addini>` is as follows:
* If ``default`` is NOT passed but ``type`` is provided, then a type-specific default will be returned. For example ``type=bool`` will return ``False``, ``type=str`` will return ``""``, etc.
* If ``default=None`` is passed and the option is not defined in a test session, then ``None`` will be returned, regardless of the ``type``.
* If neither ``default`` nor ``type`` are provided, assume ``type=str`` and return ``""`` as default (this is as per previous behavior).
The team decided to not introduce a deprecation period for this change, as doing so would be complicated both in terms of communicating this to the community as well as implementing it, and also because the team believes this change should not break existing plugins except in rare cases.
- `11667 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11667>`_: pytest's ``setup.py`` file is removed.
If you relied on this file, e.g. to install pytest using ``setup.py install``,
please see `Why you shouldn't invoke setup.py directly <https://blog.ganssle.io/articles/2021/10/setup-py-deprecated.html#summary>`_ for alternatives.
- `9288 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9288>`_: :func:`~pytest.warns` now re-emits unmatched warnings when the context
closes -- previously it would consume all warnings, hiding those that were not
matched by the function.
While this is a new feature, we announce it as a breaking change
because many test suites are configured to error-out on warnings, and will
therefore fail on the newly-re-emitted warnings.
- The internal ``FixtureManager.getfixtureclosure`` method has changed. Plugins which use this method or
which subclass ``FixtureManager`` and overwrite that method will need to adapt to the change.
Deprecations
------------
- `10465 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10465>`_: Test functions returning a value other than ``None`` will now issue a :class:`pytest.PytestWarning` instead of ``pytest.PytestRemovedIn8Warning``, meaning this will stay a warning instead of becoming an error in the future.
- `3664 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/3664>`_: Applying a mark to a fixture function now issues a warning: marks in fixtures never had any effect, but it is a common user error to apply a mark to a fixture (for example ``usefixtures``) and expect it to work.
This will become an error in pytest 9.0.
Features and Improvements
-------------------------
Improved Diffs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
These changes improve the diffs that pytest prints when an assertion fails.
Note that syntax highlighting requires the ``pygments`` package.
- `11520 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11520>`_: The very verbose (``-vv``) diff output is now colored as a diff instead of a big chunk of red.
Python code in error reports is now syntax-highlighted as Python.
The sections in the error reports are now better separated.
- `1531 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/1531>`_: The very verbose diff (``-vv``) for every standard library container type is improved. The indentation is now consistent and the markers are on their own separate lines, which should reduce the diffs shown to users.
Previously, the standard Python pretty printer was used to generate the output, which puts opening and closing
markers on the same line as the first/last entry, in addition to not having consistent indentation.
- `10617 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10617>`_: Added more comprehensive set assertion rewrites for comparisons other than equality ``==``, with
the following operations now providing better failure messages: ``!=``, ``<=``, ``>=``, ``<``, and ``>``.
Separate Control For Assertion Verbosity
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `11387 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11387>`_: Added the new :confval:`verbosity_assertions` configuration option for fine-grained control of failed assertions verbosity.
If you've ever wished that pytest always show you full diffs, but without making everything else verbose, this is for you.
See :ref:`Fine-grained verbosity <pytest.fine_grained_verbosity>` for more details.
For plugin authors, :attr:`config.get_verbosity <pytest.Config.get_verbosity>` can be used to retrieve the verbosity level for a specific verbosity type.
Additional Support For Exception Groups and ``__notes__``
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
These changes improve pytest's support for exception groups.
- `10441 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10441>`_: Added :func:`ExceptionInfo.group_contains() <pytest.ExceptionInfo.group_contains>`, an assertion helper that tests if an :class:`ExceptionGroup` contains a matching exception.
See :ref:`assert-matching-exception-groups` for an example.
- `11227 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11227>`_: Allow :func:`pytest.raises` ``match`` argument to match against `PEP-678 <https://peps.python.org/pep-0678/>` ``__notes__``.
Custom Directory collectors
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `7777 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7777>`_: Added a new hook :hook:`pytest_collect_directory`,
which is called by filesystem-traversing collector nodes,
such as :class:`pytest.Session`, :class:`pytest.Dir` and :class:`pytest.Package`,
to create a collector node for a sub-directory.
It is expected to return a subclass of :class:`pytest.Directory`.
This hook allows plugins to :ref:`customize the collection of directories <custom directory collectors>`.
"New-style" Hook Wrappers
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `11122 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11122>`_: pytest now uses "new-style" hook wrappers internally, available since pluggy 1.2.0.
See `pluggy's 1.2.0 changelog <https://pluggy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html#pluggy-1-2-0-2023-06-21>`_ and the :ref:`updated docs <hookwrapper>` for details.
Plugins which want to use new-style wrappers can do so if they require ``pytest>=8``.
Other Improvements
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- `11216 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11216>`_: If a test is skipped from inside an :ref:`xunit setup fixture <classic xunit>`, the test summary now shows the test location instead of the fixture location.
- `11314 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11314>`_: Logging to a file using the ``--log-file`` option will use ``--log-level``, ``--log-format`` and ``--log-date-format`` as fallback
if ``--log-file-level``, ``--log-file-format`` and ``--log-file-date-format`` are not provided respectively.
- `11610 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11610>`_: Added the :func:`LogCaptureFixture.filtering() <pytest.LogCaptureFixture.filtering>` context manager which
adds a given :class:`logging.Filter` object to the :fixture:`caplog` fixture.
- `11447 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11447>`_: :func:`pytest.deprecated_call` now also considers warnings of type :class:`FutureWarning`.
- `11600 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11600>`_: Improved the documentation and type signature for :func:`pytest.mark.xfail <pytest.mark.xfail>`'s ``condition`` param to use ``False`` as the default value.
- `7469 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/7469>`_: :class:`~pytest.FixtureDef` is now exported as ``pytest.FixtureDef`` for typing purposes.
- `11353 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11353>`_: Added typing to :class:`~pytest.PytestPluginManager`.
Bug Fixes
---------
- `10701 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/10701>`_: :meth:`pytest.WarningsRecorder.pop` will return the most-closely-matched warning in the list,
rather than the first warning which is an instance of the requested type.
- `11255 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11255>`_: Fixed crash on `parametrize(..., scope="package")` without a package present.
- `11277 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11277>`_: Fixed a bug that when there are multiple fixtures for an indirect parameter,
the scope of the highest-scope fixture is picked for the parameter set, instead of that of the one with the narrowest scope.
- `11456 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11456>`_: Parametrized tests now *really do* ensure that the ids given to each input are unique - for
example, ``a, a, a0`` now results in ``a1, a2, a0`` instead of the previous (buggy) ``a0, a1, a0``.
This necessarily means changing nodeids where these were previously colliding, and for
readability adds an underscore when non-unique ids end in a number.
- `11563 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11563>`_: Fixed a crash when using an empty string for the same parametrized value more than once.
- `11712 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11712>`_: Fixed handling ``NO_COLOR`` and ``FORCE_COLOR`` to ignore an empty value.
- `9036 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/9036>`_: ``pytest.warns`` and similar functions now capture warnings when an exception is raised inside a ``with`` block.
Improved Documentation
----------------------
- `11011 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11011>`_: Added a warning about modifying the root logger during tests when using ``caplog``.
- `11065 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11065>`_: Use ``pytestconfig`` instead of ``request.config`` in cache example to be consistent with the API documentation.
Trivial/Internal Changes
------------------------
- `11208 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11208>`_: The (internal) ``FixtureDef.cached_result`` type has changed.
Now the third item ``cached_result[2]``, when set, is an exception instance instead of an exception triplet.
- `11218 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11218>`_: (This entry is meant to assist plugins which access private pytest internals to instantiate ``FixtureRequest`` objects.)
:class:`~pytest.FixtureRequest` is now an abstract class which can't be instantiated directly.
A new concrete ``TopRequest`` subclass of ``FixtureRequest`` has been added for the ``request`` fixture in test functions,
as counterpart to the existing ``SubRequest`` subclass for the ``request`` fixture in fixture functions.
- `11315 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11315>`_: The :fixture:`pytester` fixture now uses the :fixture:`monkeypatch` fixture to manage the current working directory.
If you use ``pytester`` in combination with :func:`monkeypatch.undo() <pytest.MonkeyPatch.undo>`, the CWD might get restored.
Use :func:`monkeypatch.context() <pytest.MonkeyPatch.context>` instead.
- `11333 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11333>`_: Corrected the spelling of ``Config.ArgsSource.INVOCATION_DIR``.
The previous spelling ``INCOVATION_DIR`` remains as an alias.
- `11638 <https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest/issues/11638>`_: Fixed the selftests to pass correctly if ``FORCE_COLOR``, ``NO_COLOR`` or ``PY_COLORS`` is set in the calling environment.